The Relation between Immunological Features and the Positive SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid in Patients with Nonsevere COVID⁃19

Dong Zhang; Xueren Li; Haibai Sun; Lixia Shi; Shouchun Peng

doi:10.1155/2022/4270096

The Relation between Immunological Features and the Positive SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid in Patients with Nonsevere COVID⁃19

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022 Jul 30:2022:4270096. doi: 10.1155/2022/4270096. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Dong Zhang^{1

2}, Xueren Li^{2

3}, Haibai Sun⁴, Lixia Shi^{2

3}, Shouchun Peng^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
² Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China.
³ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Clinical School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China.
⁴ Laboratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Abstract

Objective: The novel coronavirus nucleic acid results are the core indicators of illness monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between immunological features and positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by analyzing the clinical and immunological features in nonsevere COVID-19 cases.

Methods: Data from nonsevere COVID-19 patients admitted to Haihe Hospital from May 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: (1) A total of 122 cases were reviewed in the present study, including 38 mild and 84 moderate cases. The average age of mild cases was significantly different from moderate cases (P < 0.001). Eight patients complained of hyposmia and it was more frequent in mild cases (P < 0.001). The nucleic acid positive duration (NPD) of nonsevere novel coronavirus was 20.49 (confidence interval (CI) 17.50-3.49) days. (2) The levels of specific IgM and IgG for COVID-19 were higher in mild cases than in moderate cases (P=0.023 and P=0.047, respectively). (3) The correlation analysis with antibodies and T-cell subtypes showed that the lymphocyte (LYM) count, T cells, CD4⁺T cells, and CD8⁺T cells had a linear correlation with NPD. (4) Among the 93 patients monitored, 62 COVID-19 cases presented a progressive rise of specific IgM and IgG. The daily increase rates of IgM and IgG were 38.42% (CI 28.22-48.61%) and 24.90% (CI 0.23-29.58%), respectively.

Conclusion: The levels and daily increase rates of specific IgM and IgG against the virus can vary between cases. The NPD presented a linear correlation with the LYM, T cells, CD4⁺T cells, and CD8+T cells. Hence, more attention should be paid to these indicators in clinical practice.