Lived experience of Jordanian front-line healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

Mohammad S Nazzal; Alaa O Oteir; Ala'a F Jaber; Mahmoud T Alwidyan; Liqaa Raffee

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057739

Lived experience of Jordanian front-line healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 1;12(8):e057739. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057739.

Authors

Mohammad S Nazzal¹, Alaa O Oteir^{2

3}, Ala'a F Jaber⁴, Mahmoud T Alwidyan², Liqaa Raffee⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan msnazzal@just.edu.jo.
² Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
³ Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
⁵ Accident and Emergency Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of Jordanian front-line healthcare workers (FHCWs), including their experienced challenges and adaptations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: A phenomenological qualitative design was used to highlight the experiences of a sample Jordanian FHCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative interviews were conducted using a semistructured guide with open-ended questions, audiotaped and then transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the transcribed narratives was conducted using an open coding line by line to develop themes and related subthemes.

Setting: Mobile COVID-19 testing and contact tracing units during an active surge of cases in Jordan between May and September 2020.

Participants: Participants were recruited using purposive sampling method and consisted of 15 FHCWs (2 physicians, 10 nurses, 2 paramedics and 1 laboratory technician) who have worked in testing and contact tracing teams in the community and have dealt with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection.

Results: Participant narratives were classified into two main overarching themes; challenges and adaptation themes. The challenges theme was exhibited as follows: (1) an excruciating encounter with an invisible enemy, (2) distorted knowledge about COVID-19 and (3) organisational and administrative challenges. The adaptation theme was exhibited as follows: (1) seeking relevant knowledge about the disease and (2) seeking more connectedness.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic exerted many challenges for FHCWs at multiple levels; intrapersonal and interpersonal, organisational and societal levels. Nevertheless, a number of adaptation strategies within these levels have been reported. This study helps to provide the base on which healthcare officials and public health personnel can formulate preparedness plans that tackle challenges faced by front-line workers, which ultimately enhance the resilience of healthcare systems to withstand future pandemics.

Keywords: ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY MEDICINE; COVID-19; HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT; Health policy; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.

MeSH terms

COVID-19 Testing
COVID-19* / epidemiology
Health Personnel
Humans
Jordan / epidemiology
Pandemics
Qualitative Research