A case of drug-induced acute liver failure caused by corticosteroids

Clin J Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct;15(5):946-952. doi: 10.1007/s12328-022-01661-1. Epub 2022 Aug 1.

Abstract

We report a 61-year-old man treated with betamethasone for sudden-onset deafness. Several days later, he had a temperature > 38 °C. He sought care at another hospital and was admitted based on abnormal liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], 866 IU/L [normal < 31 IU/L] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] 1524 IU/L [normal < 31 IU/L]). Liver function improved daily and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 5 days. Two days after discharge, he had a recurrent fever and liver dysfunction. After admission to our hospital, liver function improved spontaneously. A liver biopsy was performed, but a diagnosis was not established; however, a tentative diagnosis of antinuclear antibody-negative autoimmune hepatitis was made and the patient was started on prednisolone (30 mg). Two days later, he developed a fever and persistent liver dysfunction, thus the prednisolone was discontinued. The next day, the AST and ALT increased significantly (18,000 and 12,000 U/L, respectively). Because the level of consciousness was altered, plasma exchange was started for acute liver failure. After discontinuing the prednisolone, the hospital course was uneventful. Drug-induced liver injury due to corticosteroids is rare. Herein, we report a patient with acute liver failure who survived with timely treatment.

Keywords: Acute liver failure; Corticosteroids; Drug-induced liver injury; Non-B non-C hepatitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Alanine Transaminase
  • Antibodies, Antinuclear
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Betamethasone
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury* / etiology
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury* / pathology
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune* / etiology
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver Failure, Acute* / chemically induced
  • Liver Failure, Acute* / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prednisolone / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Antibodies, Antinuclear
  • Betamethasone
  • Prednisolone
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Alanine Transaminase