In this chapter, after having clarified which definition of emotion we followed, starting from Darwin and evolutionary psychology, we tried to examine the main mechanisms of emotional recognition from a behavioral and cerebral point of view: emotional contagion and cognitive empathy. The link between these skills and social cognition has been discussed. We tried to understand through the description of comparative studies on animals, studies on populations with cerebellar lesions in animals and humans, neurostimulation studies, and studies on neuropsychiatric pathologies with alterations to the cerebellar networks the possible involvement of the cerebellum in these mechanisms, also investigating its possible causal role. The evidence, even if mainly of a correlational type, is numerous and robust enough to be able to affirm the existence of significant involvement of the cerebellum in social cognition and in the recognition of negative emotions, especially fear.
Keywords: Cerebellar stroke; Cerebellum; Emotion recognition; Social cognition.
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