High-throughput image-based plant stand count estimation using convolutional neural networks

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 28;17(7):e0268762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268762. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

The landscape of farming and plant breeding is rapidly transforming due to the complex requirements of our world. The explosion of collectible data has started a revolution in agriculture to the point where innovation must occur. To a commercial organization, the accurate and efficient collection of information is necessary to ensure that optimal decisions are made at key points of the breeding cycle. In particular, recent technology has enabled organizations to capture in-field images of crops to record color, shape, chemical properties, and disease susceptibility. However, this new challenge necessitates the need for advanced algorithms to accurately identify phenotypic traits. This work, advanced the current literature by developing an innovative deep learning algorithm, named DeepStand, for image-based counting of corn stands at early phenological stages. The proposed method adopts a truncated VGG-16 network to act as a feature extractor backbone. We then combine multiple feature maps with different dimensions to ensure the network is robust against size variation. Our extensive computational experiments demonstrate that our DeepStand framework accurately identifies corn stands and out-performs other cutting-edge methods.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Neural Networks, Computer*
  • Phenotype
  • Plant Breeding*
  • Zea mays

Grants and funding

This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under the LEAP HI and GOALI programs (grant number 1830478) and under the EAGER program (grant number 1842097). Additionally this work was partially supported by Syngenta. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.