Objectives: By retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics of sports-related sudden death (SrSD), the risk factors associated with SrSD were analyzed and explored to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of SrSD.
Methods: The personal information (sex, age, occupation, etc.), case information (time, place, type of sports, relative time between SrSD occurrence and exercise, etc.), death related information (sign or prodrome, medical history and surgical history, etc.), rescue situation (witnesses, on-site assistance, the availability of paramedics, etc.) of 374 SrSD cases in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted aiming at the key factors.
Results: In the 374 cases, there were significantly more males than females (19.78:1); the number of people aged between >39 and 59 was the largest (151, 40.37%); non-manual workers (68.98%) were more than manual workers; the top three sports with the highest number cases were basketball (34.49%), running (19.52%) and badminton (12.03%); from 3 pm to 9 pm (63.10%) was the time period with the highest incidence of events; sudden death mainly occurred during exercise (75.27%) and within 1 h after exercise (20.05%); the on-site rescue rate was very low (6.15%); the rate of autopsies was extremely low (1.07%); sudden cardiac death was the most common cause (67.11%).
Conclusions: SrSD is most common in males aged >39 to 59 years old, mostly in non-manual workers, and usually occurs in basketball and running. Sudden death is more likely to occur during exercise and within 1 h after exercise. Therefore, the above potential risk factors should be focused on and studied in daily comprehensive prevention and treatment to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and first aid of such sudden death.
目的: 通过回顾运动相关性猝死（sports-related sudden death，SrSD）的流行病学特征，分析和探索与SrSD相关的危险因素，为此类猝死的综合防治提供科学依据。方法: 以广东地区2007—2021年与运动相关的374例猝死事件为研究对象，收集个人基本信息（性别、年龄、职业等）、事件相关信息（发生时间、地点、运动项目、发病与运动的相对时间等）、死亡相关信息（先兆或前驱症状、病史和手术史等）、救助情况（是否有目击者、是否有现场救助、是否有“120”到场急救等），针对重点因素进行统计学分析。结果: 374例SrSD案例中，男性明显多于女性（男女性比例为19.78∶1）；>39~59岁年龄段人数最多（151例，40.37%）；非体力劳动者（68.98%）多于体力劳动者；案例数最集中的前三位运动项目为篮球（34.49%）、跑步（19.52%）、羽毛球（12.03%）；下午15~21时（63.10%）为事件最高发的时间段；猝死主要发生于运动期间（75.27%）和运动后1 h内（20.05%）；现场救助率很低（6.15%）；尸体解剖率极低（1.07%），病因以心脏性猝死（67.11%）占比最高。结论: SrSD以>39~59岁男性最为多见，非体力劳动者居多，常发生在篮球和跑步项目，猝死好发于运动期间和运动后1 h内，在日常的综合防治中应重点关注并研究以上潜在的危险因素，为精准开展此类猝死的预防和急救提供科学依据。.
Keywords: Guangdong; epidemiologic study; forensic pathology; preventive measure; risk factor; sport-related sudden death.