What to Know About Biopsy Sampling and Pathology in Vasculitis?

Abstract

Purpose of review: To summarize the histologic findings of vasculitis, and to give some practical considerations on biopsy samples.

Recent findings: The larger use of imaging and the discoveries of serological markers in the diagnosis of vasculitis have increased the clinical recognition of these entities. Nevertheless, biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis in most cases. So far, biopsies are also useful to obtain information about prognosis and to guide a more specific treatment. In recent years, less invasive diagnostic approaches have become available, lowering the risks related to the procedure and permitting a definite diagnosis in most cases. Histological examination permits a definite diagnosis of vasculitis. However, the findings may be nonspecific if not evaluated in the proper clinical setting. The interaction between clinicians and pathologists is crucial to obtain a definite diagnosis.

Keywords: ANCA-associated vasculitis; Biopsy; Cutaneous vasculitis; Immunofluorescence; Large-vessel vasculitis; Polyarteritis nodosa.