Dietary Patterns Derived from Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated with the 5-Year Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: Aichi Workers' Cohort Study

Yuanying Li; Hiroshi Yatsuya; Chaochen Wang; Mayu Uemura; Masaaki Matsunaga; Yupeng He; Maythet Khine; Atsuhiko Ota

doi:10.3390/nu14153019

Dietary Patterns Derived from Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated with the 5-Year Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: Aichi Workers' Cohort Study

Nutrients. 2022 Jul 22;14(15):3019. doi: 10.3390/nu14153019.

Authors

Yuanying Li¹, Hiroshi Yatsuya², Chaochen Wang³, Mayu Uemura^{2

4}, Masaaki Matsunaga¹, Yupeng He¹, Maythet Khine¹, Atsuhiko Ota¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
² Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
³ Japan Value, Evidence and Outcomes, Japan Drug Development and Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe 651-0086, Japan.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to derive dietary patterns to explain variation in a set of nutrient intakes or in the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to prospectively investigate these patterns in relation to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components during the follow-up. The study participants were comprised of 2944 government employees aged 30−59 years without MetS. RRR was applied with 38 food groups as predictors and with two sets of response variables. The first set included intake of putatively beneficial nutrients, and the first factor retained was named the Healthy Dietary Pattern (HDP). The second one included baseline WC and FBG, and the first factor was named the Unhealthy Dietary Pattern (UHDP). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals with adjustments for age, sex, total energy consumption and other potential confounders. During the 5-year median follow-up, we ascertained 374 cases of MetS. The HDP score was inversely associated with the incidence of MetS (p-trend = 0.009) and hypertension (p-trend = 0.002) and marginally significantly associated with elevated triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p-trend = 0.08). The UHDP score was linearly positively associated with the incidence of MetS and all its components (all p-trend < 0.05). Both the HDP and UHDP predicted the development of MetS and its components.

Keywords: dietary pattern; metabolic syndrome; nutrients; prospective; reduced rank regression; worker.

MeSH terms

Cohort Studies
Diet / adverse effects
Food
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome* / epidemiology
Metabolic Syndrome* / etiology
Risk Factors
Waist Circumference

Grants and funding

This work was supported in part by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers: 17790384, 22390133, 23659346, 26293153, 18H03057 and 22H03349 to H.Y.; 5893088 and 16K19278 to Y.L.; and 16K09111 to A.O.), a grant-in-aid for Comprehensive Research on Cardiovascular and Life-Style Related Disease: H26–Junkankitou [Seisaku]–Ippan–001, H29-Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-003 and 20FA1002 from the Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare, and research grants from the Japan Atherosclerosis Prevention Fund (to H.Y.), the Uehara Memorial Fund (to H.Y.) and the Noguchi Memorial Research Institute (to H.Y.).