Comparison of different neoadjuvant treatments for resectable locoregional esophageal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Yongxing Bao; Zeliang Ma; Meng Yuan; Yang Wang; Yu Men; Zhouguang Hui

doi:10.1111/1759-7714.14588

Comparison of different neoadjuvant treatments for resectable locoregional esophageal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Thorac Cancer. 2022 Sep;13(17):2515-2523. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14588. Epub 2022 Jul 26.

Authors

Yongxing Bao¹, Zeliang Ma¹, Meng Yuan¹, Yang Wang¹, Yu Men^{1

2}, Zhouguang Hui^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
² Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Purpose: The best pattern of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locoregional esophageal cancer has not been determined. Our study evaluated the efficacy and postoperative events of different treatments using the Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Methods: We systematically tracked randomized clinical trials from the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The following treatments were included: neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery (NCRT + S), neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NCT + S), neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery (NRT + S), and surgery alone (S). The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tools were used to assess the quality of included trials. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival or disease-free survival (PFS/DFS) were assessed through hazard ratios (HR). Locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, postoperative mortality, and postoperative morbidity were assessed through odds ratios (OR). These outcomes were compared between different treatments through Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Results: Twenty trials with 4384 patients were included. Compared with S, only NCRT + S could significantly improve OS for patients with esophageal cancer (HR = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-0.88). NCRT + S and NCT + S significantly improved PFS/DFS compared with S (NCRT + S vs. S, HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.63-0.81; NCT + S vs. S, HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.97). NCRT + S significantly reduced both locoregional recurrence (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.88) and distant metastasis (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.90) compared with S. There were no differences in postoperative morbidity between the four treatments. However, NCRT + S also increased postoperative mortality compared with S (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.09-2.82) and NCT + S (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.11-3.51).

Conclusion: NCRT + S is the most efficient neoadjuvant treatment for resectable locoregional esophageal cancer. However, NCRT + S increases the risk of postoperative mortality but not morbidity.

Keywords: esophagus cancer; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; neoadjuvant radiotherapy; network meta-analysis.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bayes Theorem
Esophageal Neoplasms* / drug therapy
Esophageal Neoplasms* / surgery
Humans
Neoadjuvant Therapy*
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Network Meta-Analysis