Epidemiology of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Egypt: A Systematic Review

Yuan Fang; Emad I M Khater; Jing-Bo Xue; Enas H S Ghallab; Yuan-Yuan Li; Tian-Ge Jiang; Shi-Zhu Li

doi:10.3390/v14071577

Epidemiology of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Egypt: A Systematic Review

Viruses. 2022 Jul 20;14(7):1577. doi: 10.3390/v14071577.

Authors

Yuan Fang^{1

2}, Emad I M Khater³, Jing-Bo Xue^{1

2}, Enas H S Ghallab³, Yuan-Yuan Li¹, Tian-Ge Jiang², Shi-Zhu Li^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
² School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
³ Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasiah, Cairo 11566, Egypt.

Abstract

There are at least five common mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) recorded in Egypt, including dengue virus (DENV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus. Unexpected outbreaks caused by MBVs reflect the deficiencies of the MBV surveillance system in Egypt. This systematic review characterized the epidemiology of MBV prevalence in Egypt. Human, animal, and vector prevalence studies on MBVs in Egypt were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, and Bing Scholar, and 33 eligible studies were included for further analyses. The monophyletic characterization of the RVFV and WNV strains found in Egypt, which spans about half a century, suggests that both RVFV and WNV are widely transmitted in this nation. Moreover, the seropositive rates of DENV and WNV in hosts were on the rise in recent years, and spillover events of DENV and WNV to other countries from Egypt have been recorded. The common drawback for surveillance of MBVs in Egypt is the lack of seroprevalence studies on MBVs, especially in this century. It is necessary to evaluate endemic transmission risk, establish an early warning system for MBVs, and develop a sound joint system for medical care and public health for managing MBVs in Egypt.

Keywords: Chikungunya virus; Rift Valley fever virus; Sindbis virus; West Nile virus; dengue virus.

Publication types

Review
Systematic Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Culicidae*
Egypt / epidemiology
Humans
Rift Valley fever virus*
Seroepidemiologic Studies
West Nile Fever*
West Nile virus* / genetics

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 32161143036, the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai, grant number GWV-10.1-XK13, and the Project of Basic Platform of National Science and Technology Resources of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China, grant number TDRC-2019-194-30.