The C-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Integrase: A Swiss Army Knife for the Virus?

Cecilia Rocchi; Patrice Gouet; Vincent Parissi; Francesca Fiorini

doi:10.3390/v14071397

The C-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Integrase: A Swiss Army Knife for the Virus?

Viruses. 2022 Jun 27;14(7):1397. doi: 10.3390/v14071397.

Authors

Cecilia Rocchi^{1

2}, Patrice Gouet^{1

2}, Vincent Parissi^{2

3}, Francesca Fiorini^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), CNRS, University of Lyon 1, UMR 5086, 69367 Lyon, France.
² Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), 33076 Bordeaux, France.
³ Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity (MFP), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR5234, 33405 Bordeaux, France.

Abstract

Retroviral integrase is a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the integration of reverse-transcribed viral DNA into the cellular genome. Beyond integration, the Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase is also involved in many other steps of the viral life cycle, such as reverse transcription, nuclear import, virion morphogenesis and proviral transcription. All these additional functions seem to depend on the action of the integrase C-terminal domain (CTD) that works as a molecular hub, interacting with many different viral and cellular partners. In this review, we discuss structural issues concerning the CTD, with particular attention paid to its interaction with nucleic acids. We also provide a detailed map of post-translational modifications and interaction with molecular partners.

Keywords: CTD structure; CTD-DNA interaction; HIV-1; integrase; integrase molecular partners.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

DNA, Viral
HIV Integrase* / metabolism
HIV-1* / chemistry
Humans
Proviruses / genetics
Reverse Transcription
Virus Integration

Substances

DNA, Viral
HIV Integrase
p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1

Grants and funding

The authors are supported by the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), by the ANRS (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis; contract number ECTZ72240-1 to F.F and C.R. and ECTZ115893 to V.P.), by Sidaction (16-1AEQ-10465 to V.P.) and by FINOVI Foundation (to F.F.).