Additive manufacturing of functionally graded porous titanium scaffolds for dental applications

Chenjin Hou; Yitong Liu; Wei Xu; Xin Lu; Lijia Guo; Yi Liu; Shiwei Tian; Bowen Liu; Jiazhen Zhang; Cuie Wen

doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213018

Additive manufacturing of functionally graded porous titanium scaffolds for dental applications

Biomater Adv. 2022 Aug:139:213018. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213018. Epub 2022 Jul 6.

Authors

Chenjin Hou¹, Yitong Liu², Wei Xu³, Xin Lu⁴, Lijia Guo⁵, Yi Liu², Shiwei Tian¹, Bowen Liu¹, Jiazhen Zhang¹, Cuie Wen⁶

Affiliations

¹ National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
² Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
³ National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China. Electronic address: weixu@ustb.edu.cn.
⁴ National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: luxin@ustb.edu.cn.
⁵ Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. Electronic address: orthoest@163.com.
⁶ School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.

PMID: 35882159
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213018

Abstract

Graded porous titanium scaffolds are gaining increasing attention as dental implants due to their ability to mimic the mechanical and biological properties of human bone. In this study, we have developed titanium scaffolds with graded primitive structures with porosities of 50.7 %, 61.0 %, 70.5 %, and 80.3 % (denoted as P50, P60, P70, and P80, respectively) for dental applications. The simulation results in the oral environment showed that the maximum von Mises strains and stress of cortical bone tissue around P50, P60, and P70 were lower than 3000 με and 60 MPa, respectively, which was beneficial for bone regeneration. The elastic modulus and yield strength of P50, P60, and P70 ranged within 5.2-13.8 GPa and 88.6-217.8 MPa, respectively. Among these, P60 exhibited the most favorable mechanical properties with a compression yield strength of 163.2 MPa and an elastic modulus of 9.7 GPa, which are desirable mechanical properties for dental material applications. The tested permeabilities of the fabricated specimens were in the range 0.66-6.88 × 10^-9 m², which is within the range of human bone (0.01-12.10 × 10^-9 m²). In vitro biocompatibility assay results showed that P60 and P70 had better potential for cell viability and osteogenesis than P50. It can be concluded that P60, which has a compatible elastic modulus, high yield strength, high permeability, good cytocompatibility, and osteogenesis properties, is a promising candidate for bone-tissue engineering applications in dentistry.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Dental implant; Finite element analysis; Graded porous titanium scaffold; Selective laser melting.

MeSH terms

Alloys* / chemistry
Compressive Strength
Elastic Modulus
Humans
Porosity
Titanium* / chemistry

Substances

Alloys
Titanium