Predicting Visual Field Progression by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Pattern Electroretinography in Glaucoma

Abstract

Prcis: Reduced P50-N95 amplitude on pattern electroretinography (PERG) and the presence of microvasculature dropout (MvD) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) at baseline were significant factors associated with visual field (VF) progression in predominantly normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients.

Objective: We investigated the baseline demographics and ocular characteristics that predict future progression in glaucoma patients, including PERG and OCT-A parameters.

Methods: One Hundred forty eyes with open angle glaucoma that were prospectively enrolled and followed up for at least 3 years, and underwent at least 5 serial VF tests were included. Baseline PERG was performed, and N35, P50, and N95 latencies and amplitudes were obtained. Superficial vessel density at the macula and complete loss of microvasculature within the deep retinal layer of the parapapillary region (MvD) were evaluated from baseline OCT-A images. Eyes with a glaucomatous VF defect in either both hemifields within 24 points of a central 10 degrees of fixation, and with no VF abnormality in the nasal periphery outside 10 degrees of fixation, were considered to have isolated central scotoma. During follow-up, detected disc hemorrhage (DH) was recorded. Parameters associated with VF progression were determined using linear regression analysis of the mean deviation (MD) values, in combination with an event-based analysis using the Glaucoma Progression Analysis (GPA) software from the Humphrey Field Analyzer. "Likely progression" using GPA was considered to have glaucoma progression.

Results: Of the 140 eyes, 107 (76.4%) were NTG and 57 (40.7%) exhibited glaucoma progression as defined by Humphrey VF GPA. The MD slopes were -0.43±1.11 dB/y in the progressors and 0.59±1.27 dB/y in the nonprogressors ( P <0.001). Glaucoma patients with progression showed frequent MvD on OCT-A, isolated central scotoma, frequent DH, and reduced baseline P50-N95 amplitude compared with patients without progression. Age at diagnosis ( P =0.038) and baseline P50-N95 amplitude ( P =0.019) showed significant associations with the MD slope. The presence of MvD on OCT-A ( P <0.001) and baseline P50-N95 amplitude ( P =0.037) were significantly associated with VF progression on GPA.

Conclusions: The presence of MvD and retinal ganglion cell dysfunction by PERG at baseline, DH or central scotoma were significant factors associated with VF progression in predominantly NTG patients. These patients should be monitored more closely.