Objective: To evaluate the occurrence and recovery of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of preventive treatment in the elderly population with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: A total of 2 583 elderly patients with LTBI were recruited in Zhongmu, Henan Province from July 1 to October 17, 2015. Face-to-face surveys and physical examinations were used to obtain the basic information of the participants, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting venous blood was collected from the participants for blood biochemical and routine blood tests. The random numbers were generated by Excel 2010, and the participants were divided into group A (1 284 cases) and group B (1 299 cases) by simple randomization. Both group A and group B received combination treatment of isoniazid and rifapentine. Group A was treated for 8 weeks with weekly doses of isoniazid at 15 mg/kg and 900 mg for those with body weight ≤50 and>50 kg, respectively, and the doses of rifapentin were 750 and 900 mg, respectively. Group B was treated twice a week for 6 weeks, the doses of isoniazid in patients with body weight ≤50 and>50 kg were [600-(50-body weight)×15] (rounded up) and 600 mg, respectively, and the doses of rifapentin were 600 and 450 mg, respectively. During the treatment period, doctors observed, inquired about and recorded symptoms related to ADRs, and blood biochemical and routine blood tests were performed at 4 weeks after taking the drug, the end of the treatment, and 3 months after the end of the treatment. The patients with ADRs were treated accordingly by severity. The ADRs and graded treatment outcomes of LTBI patients in group A and group B were compared. Results: The age［M（Q1，Q3）］of the participants was 60 (55,65) years old, and 54.7% (1 412/2 583) were males. There were no statistical differences in age, gender, BMI and baseline biochemical indexes between groups A and B (all P values>0.05). The incidence of ADRs in group A and group B were 18.5% (237/1 279) and 16.3% (209/1 279), respectively, and those with alanine aminotransferase (ALT)≥5 ULN accounted for 0.8% (7/931) and 1.1% (11/987), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)≥5 ULN accounted for 0.3% (3/931) and 0.3% (3/987), respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences (all P values>0.05). There were 7 and 11 patients with ALT≥5 ULN in group A and group B, respectively, and 3 patients with AST≥5 ULN for each group, respectively. After treatment, except for 2 patients with ALT≥5 ULN in group B, ALT and AST levels in all the other patients returned to normal. There were 15 and 10 patients with abnormal white blood cell count in group A and group B, respectively, and 10 and 9 patients returned to normal after treatment. Conclusion: LTBI preventive treatment has a high incidence of adverse drug reactions, but it can be effectively controlled through active monitoring and graded management.
目的： 探索中老年结核潜伏感染（LTBI）人群预防性治疗不良反应发生及转归情况。 方法： 于2015年7月1日至10月17日在河南省中牟县招募2 583例中老年LTBI患者，通过面对面调查和体格检查获取对象基本资料并计算体质指数（BMI），采集空腹静脉血进行血液生化和血常规检查。由Excel 2010软件生成随机数字，采用简单随机化分组将对象分为A组（1 284例）和B组（1 299例），A组和B组均采用异烟肼和利福喷丁联合用药。A组疗程8周，每周服药1次，体重≤50和>50 kg者异烟肼剂量分别为15 mg/kg和900 mg，利福喷丁剂量分别为750和900 mg；B组疗程6周，每周服药2次，体重≤50和>50 kg者异烟肼剂量分别为［600-（50-体重）×15］（进位取整）和600 mg，利福喷丁剂量分别为600和450 mg。治疗期间由医生观察、询问和记录相关不良反应，服药4周、疗程结束时和结束后3个月各进行1次血生化和血常规检测，对出现不良反应的患者进行分级处置。比较A组和B组LTBI患者不良反应和分级处置结局情况。 结果： 研究对象年龄［M（Q1，Q3）］为60（55，65）岁，男性占54.7%（1 412/2 583）。A、B两组对象年龄、性别、BMI、基线生化指标差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。A、B两组不良反应发生率分别为18.5%（237/1 279）和16.3%（209/1 279），丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）≥5倍正常值上限（ULN）者分别占0.8%（7/931）和1.1%（11/987），天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）≥ 5 ULN者分别占0.3%（3/931）和0.3%（3/987），差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。A组和B组ALT≥5 ULN者分别为7和11例，AST≥5 ULN者均为3例，除B组ALT≥5 ULN的2例患者外，其他患者处置后均恢复正常。A组和B组白细胞计数异常者分别为15和10例，处置后恢复正常者分别为10和9例。 结论： LTBI预防性治疗药物不良反应发生率较高，但通过主动监测和分级处置均可得到有效控制。.