A simple renal cyst can become infected spontaneously due to various modes like direct cyst penetration during biopsy or surgical exploration, hematogenous spread of infection, and retrograde infection from the urinary tract. Managing such cases becomes challenging due to the risk of rupture of the cyst, causing sequelae of bacteremia and septic shock. Aspiration of cyst along with imaging modality can strengthen the diagnosis. However, nephrectomy coupled with antibacterial administration is an updated therapeutic intervention for an infected simple renal cyst. Our patient presented with a renal cyst at each pole of the left kidney complicated by infection, and after confirming the diagnosis on computed tomography, we performed a right-sided nephrectomy after proper informed consent. The patient responded well to treatment and improved her quality of life.
Keywords: anemia; infection; renal cyst; renal failure; unilateral nephrectomy.
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