Could X-ray Predict Long-term Complications in Patients with Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis?

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the association between radiologic changes on plain X-rays in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis and the development of complications at the 1-year follow-up.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted involving 115 patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis. X-ray features that were evaluated during 1-year follow-up visits included affected bone marrow, active periosteal reaction, sequestrum, cortical disruption, and other types of signs. Researchers analyzed the association between the presence of X-ray changes and complication development, such as bone or soft tissue infections, ulcer recurrence, reulceration, amputation, death, and other diabetic foot disease-related events.

Results: During follow-up, of 115 patients included in the study, 33 patients (28.7%) showed radiologic changes, and 85 (73.9%) developed complications. The presence of radiologic changes after ulcer healing had a significant association with complication development during the 1-year follow-up in addition to those found at different follow-up visits. Patients who showed radiologic changes had higher percentages of complications during the 1-year follow-up, and patients without radiologic changes had lower percentages of complications.

Conclusions: The presence of radiologic changes is related to the development of complications in patients who suffer from diabetic foot osteomyelitis.