Objective: To analyze the epidemic situation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 2019 and the incidence trends from 2013 to 2019 in the Belt and Road countries. Methods: The 145 countries that have signed cooperation documents of the Belt and Road Initiative with China were selected. Age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from the Global Burden of Disease Study were used to describe the epidemic situation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 2019. The annual percentage changes of the age-standardized incidence rate were calculated to assess incidence trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from 2013 to 2019. Results: In 2019, of the 145 countries, Somalia had the highest incidence rate (30.42 per 100 000) and prevalence rate (48.86 per 100 000) of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, while Slovenia had the lowest incidence rate (0.01 per 100 000) and prevalence rate (0.01 per 100 000). The incidence trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in six continents from 2013 to 2019 were as follows: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis incidence rates showed increasing trends in 14 countries (27.45%) and decreasing trends in 22 countries (43.14%) in Africa, showed increasing trends in 2 countries (18.18%) and decreasing trends in 3 countries (27.27%) in North America and showed increasing trends in 2 countries (5.41%) and decreasing trends in 23 countries (62.16%) in Asia. The increasing trends were observed in Europe, Oceania, and South America, but it was found that 26 countries (96.30%) in Europe, 2 countries (18.18%) in Oceania, and 1 country (12.50%) in South America had decreasing trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis incidence rates. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is endemic in 145 Belt and Road countries with the prevalence increasing year by year in some countries in central and southern Africa and decreasing in European countries except Ukraine.
目的： 分析“一带一路”沿线国家2019年耐多药结核病流行现状及2013-2019年该病的发病率变化趋势。 方法： 选择与我国签署了共建“一带一路”合作文件的145个国家为研究对象，其2013-2019年耐多药结核病的年龄标准化发病率和患病率资料来源于2019年全球疾病负担研究。采用145个国家2019年耐多药结核病的发病率及患病率描述流行现状；计算年估计百分比变化来分析耐多药结核病发病率在2013-2019年的变化趋势。 结果： 2019年，145个国家中，索马里的耐多药结核病的发病率（30.42/10万）和患病率（48.86/10万）最高，斯洛文尼亚的发病率（0.01/10万）和患病率最低（0.01/10万）。2013-2019年，在六大洲中，非洲有14个（27.45%）国家耐多药结核病发病率呈上升趋势，22个（43.14%）国家呈下降趋势；北美洲有2个（18.18%）国家发病率呈上升趋势，有3个（27.27%）国家发病率呈下降趋势；亚洲有2个（5.41%）国家发病率呈上升趋势，23个（62.16%）国家发病率呈下降趋势；欧洲、大洋洲、南美洲耐多药结核病发病率均无上升趋势，欧洲26个（96.30%）国家、大洋洲2个（18.18%）国家、南美洲1个（12.50%）国家的发病率呈下降趋势。 结论： 145个“一带一路”沿线国家中均有耐多药结核病流行，非洲中部和南部多数国家该病流行强度逐年增加，欧洲地区除乌克兰外，其他国家该病的流行强度有所降低。.