Introduction: Intertrochanteric fractures are predominantly treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation. However, recent evidence has found acceptable clinical results following hemiarthroplasty for these fractures. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to compare hemiarthroplasty with DHS fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods: A computerised search was performed, using the databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, with supplementation from Google Scholar and appropriate reference lists. Studies with comparative data comparing clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty versus DHS fixation were included. Data were extracted and quality assessment of the papers performed by 2 reviewers.
Results: 320 articles were independently reviewed by the investigators. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2 randomised controlled trials and 8 cohort designs. 7 of the studies assessed unstable fracture patterns. There was no difference in operating time (SMD -1.169 min; 95% CI, -0.657 to 0.689) or blood transfusion volume (SMD-0.110 units; 95% CI, -0.520 to 0.891) between modalities. There was also no difference in length of stay (SMD -0.778 days; 95% CI, -0.606 to 0.336), mortality (RR 0.942; 95% CI, 0.749-1.183) or major complications. Hemiarthroplasty conferred significantly better Harris Hip Scores at 12 months (SMD 12.3; 95% CI, 0.0135-2.789) and allowed earlier weight-bearing than DHS fixation.
Discussion: Qualitative and quantitative compilation of the included studies demonstrates hemiarthroplasty to result in better functional scores and a quicker time to weight-bearing than DHS fixation for intertrochanteric fractures. Results are comparable for other major parameters, including operative time, length of stay and mortality. Thus, hemiarthroplasty is a suitable alternative to DHS fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.
Keywords: Dynamic hip screw; hemiarthroplasty; hip fracture.