Background: There is no consensus with regard to the nosology and cut-off values for postural abnormalities in parkinsonism.
Objective: To reach a consensus regarding the nosology and cut-off values.
Methods: Using a modified Delphi panel method, multiple rounds of questionnaires were conducted by movement disorder experts to define nosology and cut-offs of postural abnormalities.
Results: After separating axial from appendicular postural deformities, a full agreement was found for the following terms and cut-offs: camptocormia, with thoracic fulcrum (>45°) or lumbar fulcrum (>30°), Pisa syndrome (>10°), and antecollis (>45°). "Anterior trunk flexion," with thoracic (≥25° to ≤45°) or lumbar fulcrum (>15° to ≤30°), "lateral trunk flexion" (≥5° to ≤10°), and "anterior neck flexion" (>35° to ≤45°) were chosen for milder postural abnormalities.
Conclusions: For axial postural abnormalities, we recommend the use of proposed cut-offs and six unique terms, namely camptocormia, Pisa syndrome, antecollis, anterior trunk flexion, lateral trunk flexion, anterior neck flexion, to harmonize clinical practice and future research.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease; Pisa syndrome; antecollis; atypical parkinsonisms; camptocormia; diagnostic criteria.; postural abnormalities.
© 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.