Synthesis and Mechanistic Investigation of Bipyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridines via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridines

J Org Chem. 2022 Aug 5;87(15):9851-9863. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00895. Epub 2022 Jul 18.

Abstract

The synthesis of a range of 3,3'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives via direct cross-dehydrogenative coupling of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine precursors is herein presented. This simple and efficient methodology involving palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H bond activation showed good functional group tolerance and product yield (up to 94%). Through the mechanistic insights gained from both kinetic isotope effect experimental studies and density functional theory calculations, a plausible reaction mechanism was outlined. Furthermore, subsequent derivatizations of the resulting 7,7'-diaryl-3,3'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, executed by performing palladium-mediated ortho C-H bond activation followed by hypervalent iodine-induced chlorination, rendered this series of compounds more extended π-conjugation and twisted conformations. Our study on these bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-based luminogens provides new opportunities for tailor-made organic luminescent materials.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Catalysis
  • Halogenation
  • Iodides
  • Palladium* / chemistry
  • Pyridines* / chemistry

Substances

  • Iodides
  • Pyridines
  • Palladium