Self-assembled nanorods with reduced graphene oxide as efficient nano-catalyst for dual modality sensing of hazardous phenolic compound

Aravindan Santhan; Kuo-Yuan Hwa; Anindita Ganguly

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135715

Self-assembled nanorods with reduced graphene oxide as efficient nano-catalyst for dual modality sensing of hazardous phenolic compound

Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 2):135715. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135715. Epub 2022 Jul 14.

Authors

Aravindan Santhan¹, Kuo-Yuan Hwa², Anindita Ganguly¹

Affiliations

¹ Graduate Institute of Energy and Optoelectronic Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Graduate Institute of Energy and Optoelectronic Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Biomedical Industry, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: kyhwa@mail.ntut.edu.tw.

PMID: 35843434
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135715

Abstract

The modern development in the agricultural production has huge influential factors being highly beneficial and also includes some health hazards. Under the class of chlorophenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is a widely used chemical which remains as a major pollutant in the environment. The detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was initiated as a controlling measure to decrease the seriousness prevailing in the ecosystem. The electrochemical and UV-vis absorption sensing platform are simple and low-cost detection techniques with precise and sensitive analysis. Cadmium tin oxide integrated with the reduced graphene oxide was employed as a nanohybrid for the construction of the working electrode. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the high degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposite with nanorod formation. The high surface area, with high charge carrier mobility, and increased electrical conductivity of the material boosted the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol detection. The active surface area was calculated to be 0.068 cm^-1, 0.089 cm^-1, 0.118 cm^-1 and 0.146 cm^-1 for all the modified electrodes. The resistance of the electrodes was about 91.4 Ω, 72.9 Ω, 48.8 Ω and 41.6 Ω. The linear range of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was 0.019 μM-0.299 μM and 1.299 μM-1678.97 μM in electrochemical sensing and 10.99 μM-24.84 μM in UV detection. The obtained limit of detection with the formulation 3σ/SD was about 3.05 nM and 80 nM with sensitivity about 14.01 μA μM^-1 cm^-2. The real sample detection in environmental real samples showed good recovery results. The specific selectivity, good repeatability, reproducibility and stability analysis proves the good sensing parameters. Thus, the fabricated electrode is highly sufficient of sensing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. These excellent features of the material can be applied for several other applications which will provide good performances.

Keywords: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol; Dual mode detection; Environmental real-samples; Perovskite material; Reduced graphene oxide.

MeSH terms

Cadmium
Cadmium Compounds
Chlorophenols*
Ecosystem
Electrochemical Techniques / methods
Electrodes
Environmental Pollutants*
Graphite* / chemistry
Nanotubes* / chemistry
Oxides
Phenols
Reproducibility of Results

Substances

Cadmium Compounds
Chlorophenols
Environmental Pollutants
Oxides
Phenols
graphene oxide
Cadmium
cadmium oxide
Graphite
2,4,6-trichlorophenol