Insights into the bacterial, fungal, and phage communities and volatile profiles in different types of Daqu

Jiamu Kang; Xiaoxue Chen; Bei-Zhong Han; Yansong Xue

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111488

Insights into the bacterial, fungal, and phage communities and volatile profiles in different types of Daqu

Food Res Int. 2022 Aug:158:111488. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111488. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Authors

Jiamu Kang¹, Xiaoxue Chen², Bei-Zhong Han¹, Yansong Xue³

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
² Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
³ Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: yansong.xue@cau.edu.cn.

PMID: 35840201
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111488

Abstract

Daqu has a rich and diverse microbiota, giving them a suitable biotope for phages. However, the absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi, as well as the phage community characteristics in Daqu, remain unclear. In this study, the microbiota absolute abundance, indigenous phage composition and function, and volatile compound profiles of high-temperature Daqu (HTDQ), medium-temperature Daqu (MTDQ), and low-temperature Daqu (LTDQ) were investigated. Absolute microbiota quantification revealed that there were significant variations in microbial composition and absolute abundance across three types of Daqu. The absolute abundances of the top 30 bacterial genera in LTDQ, MTDQ, and HTDQ were 6.0 × 10⁵, 5.3 × 10⁴, 1.4 × 10⁵ copies/ng DNA, while the top 30 fungal genera had 8.5 × 10⁷, 2.1 × 10⁶, and 6.2 × 10⁵ copies/ng DNA, respectively. LTDQ were enriched in Pantoea, Staphylococcus, and Saccharomycopsis; MTDQ were dominated by Saccharopolyspora, Staphylococcus, Saccharomycopsis, and Aspergillus; HTDQ were dominated by Saccharopolyspora, Bacillus, Byssochlamys, and Saccharomycopsis. Volatile profile analysis revealed that LTDQ, MTDQ, and HTDQ comprised 68, 68, and 75 compounds, respectively, with 39 compounds shared by the three types. Fourteen volatile compounds were identified as highly discriminative features among three types of Daqu, which were closely related to Saccharopolyspora, Thermoactinomyces, Kroppenstedtia, Byssochlamys, and Thermomyces. Metaviromics indicated that Genomoviridae, Mimiviridae and Siphoviridae, and Parvoviridae were the dominant viruses in LTDQ, MTDQ, and HTDQ, respectively. The hosts of phages in Daqu mainly included Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Staphylococcus. Phages may prey on numerous microbes living on Daqu via pathways such as genetic information processing, signaling and cellular processes, and replication and repair. This study highlights the use of absolute quantification to avoid misjudgment of differential taxa in comparative microbiome analysis and provides new insights into the phage community and function in Daqu.

Keywords: Absolute microbiota quantification; Daqu; Metaviromics; Phage; Temperature.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bacillus* / genetics
Bacteria
Bacteriophages*
Fermentation
Microbiota*