In vitro and in vivo study of inhibitory potentials of α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase and biochemical profiling of M. charantia in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models

Fatma Hussain; Javaria Hafeez; Amany S Khalifa; Muhammad Naeem; Tayyab Ali; Emad M Eed

In vitro and in vivo study of inhibitory potentials of α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase and biochemical profiling of M. charantia in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models

Am J Transl Res. 2022 Jun 15;14(6):3824-3839. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Fatma Hussain¹, Javaria Hafeez¹, Amany S Khalifa², Muhammad Naeem³, Tayyab Ali¹, Emad M Eed⁴

Affiliations

¹ Clinico-Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
² Department of Clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
³ College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 35836841
PMCID: PMC9274573

Abstract

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects the human population and it is the third most common cause of death worldwide. Momordica charantia is used as popular folk medicine and its action against diabetes mellitus remains unclear. We investigated the inhibitory potentials of α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and biochemical profiling of M. charantia in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models.

Methods: An In vivo study was carried out by using twenty male albino Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups each comprising four rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of 80 mg/kg body weight of alloxan and treatment with plant extract was conducted for a period of thirty days to check their impact on body weight and differentblood values. Biochemical profiling and characterization were performed by in vitro assays and HPLC, and FTIR. Histopathologic effects of M. charantia were examined through automated image analysis. Results were analyzed through Tukey's test, a complete randomized design and two factorial designs under CRD.

Results: Methanolic extract demonstrated potent alpha-glucosidase (72.30 ± 1.17%) and acetylcholinesterase (50.12 ± 0.82%) inhibitory activities. HPLC analysis confirmed the existence of vital flavonoids, antioxidants, and saponins. FTIR revealed the presence of hydroxyl groups, esters, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, ketones, alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids as major functional groups. Results of in vivo study demonstrated that co-administration of alloxan and methanolic extract of M. charantia significantly improved the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: M. charantia can be recommended as a therapeutic adjunct for diabetic patients as it can provide favorable remedial action in the context of the diabetes continuum of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: HPLC; acetylcholinesterase; alloxan-induced diabetic rat models; enzyme inhibition; α-glucosidase.