Background: The nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) impacts on treatment response and morbidity. An effective evaluation of the body composition includes the measurements of fat and visceral fat-free mass and is currently being used in the diagnosis of the nutritional status. The better understanding regarding nutritional tools for body composition evaluation in CRC patients may impact on the outcome.
Methods: Systematic review conducted according to Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed using the BVS (LILACS), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
Results: For the initial search, 97 studies were selected and 51 duplicate manuscripts were excluded. Thus, 46 were reviewed and seven studies included with a total of 4,549 patients. Among them were one clinical trial, one prospective study (cohort), two retrospective cohort and two cross-sectional studies. All studies included body composition evaluated by computed tomography, one with bioelectrical impedance, one with handgrip strength, and two employed mid-arm muscle circumference and body mass index.
Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that computed tomography has better accuracy in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, visceral fat, and myopenia among individuals with CRC. Further studies are needed to identify cutoff points for these changes aggravated by CRC.