Chemometrics, health risk assessment and probable sources of soluble total petroleum hydrocarbons in atmospheric rainwater, Rivers State, Nigeria

Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 12;12(1):11829. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15677-7.

Abstract

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)-(aliphatic and aromatic) were analysed for in atmospheric rainwater between April-June; July-August; September-October depicting early, mid, late rain of 2019. Sampling at Rumuodomaya/Rumuodome and Ogale in Rivers State using basins fastened to a Table 2M above ground and 120 M from high features, Rainwater was analysed after treatment using Agilent GC-FID. Results show cumulative TPHs at R/R were 56.6551 mg/L, 39.5201 mg/L and 7.2283 mg/L, Ogale: 9.1217 mg/L, 59.4923 mg/L and 21.9825 mg/L. Aliphatic hydrocarbons: C5-C8 were < 1, low contamination, other carbon aggregates (C9-C16, C17-C35, and C36-C40) indicate high contamination. Chemometric assessment showed high contamination. TPHs aggregates at Rumuodomaya/Rumuodome were-C8-C11 (1.034 and 1.005) early rain, C18-C25 and C26-C33 has Carbon preference index of 1.287 and 1.630 (mid-rain), C26-C33 has CPI of 1.288 (late-rain), Ogale area, C26-C33 has CPI of 1.732 (early-rain), mid-rain C8-C11 (2.768) and C12-C17 (5.368). Pristane/phytane ratio indicated biogenic and pyrogenic sources. Average carbon length of TPHs for odd n-alkanes were C9-C11 (9.446) and C35-C39 (38.980), C9-C11(10.238), C35-C39 (36.510); C9-C11 (10.240) and C35-C39 (36.934). Average daily intake depicted possible health issues for children and adults as hazard index > 1 for aromatics.

MeSH terms

  • Carbon / analysis
  • Chemometrics
  • Child
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons / analysis
  • Nigeria
  • Petroleum* / analysis
  • Risk Assessment

Substances

  • Hydrocarbons
  • Petroleum
  • Carbon