Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Select Bacteria From Retail Seafood-United States, 2019

Heather Tate; Sherry Ayers; Epiphanie Nyirabahizi; Cong Li; Stacey Borenstein; Shenia Young; Crystal Rice-Trujillo; Sanchez Saint Fleurant; Sonya Bodeis-Jones; Xunde Li; Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo; Victoriya Volkova; Rachel Hardy; Lisa Mingle; Nkuchia M M'ikanatha; Laura Ruesch; Chris A Whitehouse; Gregory H Tyson; Errol Strain; Patrick F McDermott

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.928509

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Select Bacteria From Retail Seafood-United States, 2019

Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 23:13:928509. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928509. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Heather Tate¹, Sherry Ayers¹, Epiphanie Nyirabahizi¹, Cong Li¹, Stacey Borenstein¹, Shenia Young¹, Crystal Rice-Trujillo¹, Sanchez Saint Fleurant¹, Sonya Bodeis-Jones¹, Xunde Li², Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo³, Victoriya Volkova⁴, Rachel Hardy⁵, Lisa Mingle⁶, Nkuchia M M'ikanatha⁷, Laura Ruesch⁸, Chris A Whitehouse¹, Gregory H Tyson¹, Errol Strain¹, Patrick F McDermott¹

Affiliations

¹ Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States.
² School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
³ Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States.
⁴ Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
⁵ Missouri State Public Health Laboratory, Jefferson City, MO, United States.
⁶ Wadsworth Center Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States.
⁷ Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA, United States.
⁸ Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.

Abstract

In 2019, the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveyed raw salmon, shrimp, and tilapia from retail grocery outlets in eight states to assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the isolates. Prevalence of the targeted bacterial genera ranged among the commodities: Salmonella (0%-0.4%), Aeromonas (19%-26%), Vibrio (7%-43%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8%-2.3%), Staphylococcus (23%-30%), and Enterococcus (39%-66%). Shrimp had the highest odds (OR: 2.8, CI: 2.0-3.9) of being contaminated with at least one species of these bacteria, as were seafood sourced from Asia vs. North America (OR: 2.7; CI: 1.8-4.7) and Latin America and the Caribbean vs. North America (OR: 1.6; CI: 1.1-2.3) and seafood sold at the counter vs. sold frozen (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.6-2.9). Isolates exhibited pan-susceptibility (Salmonella and P. aeruginosa) or low prevalence of resistance (<10%) to most antimicrobials tested, with few exceptions. Seafood marketed as farm-raised had lower odds of contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria compared to wild-caught seafood (OR: 0.4, CI: 0.2-0.7). Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected for various classes of medically important antimicrobials. Clinically relevant ARGs included carbapenemases (bla _IMI-2, bla _NDM-1) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; bla _CTX-M-55). This population-scale study of AMR in seafood sold in the United States provided the basis for NARMS seafood monitoring, which began in 2020.

Keywords: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System; United States; antimicrobial resistance; retail food; seafood.

Copyright © 2022 Tate, Ayers, Nyirabahizi, Li, Borenstein, Young, Rice-Trujillo, Saint Fleurant, Bodeis-Jones, Li, Tobin-D’Angelo, Volkova, Hardy, Mingle, M’ikanatha, Ruesch, Whitehouse, Tyson, Strain and McDermott.