Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces

Apichit Maneengam; Houssem Laidoudi; Aissa Abderrahmane; Ghulam Rasool; Kamel Guedri; Wajaree Weera; Obai Younis; Belgacem Bouallegue

doi:10.3390/nano12132206

Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jun 27;12(13):2206. doi: 10.3390/nano12132206.

Authors

Apichit Maneengam¹, Houssem Laidoudi², Aissa Abderrahmane³, Ghulam Rasool⁴, Kamel Guedri⁵, Wajaree Weera⁶, Obai Younis⁷, Belgacem Bouallegue^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
² Laborarory of Sciences and Marine Engineering (LSIM), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, USTO-MB, El-Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria.
³ Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria.
⁴ Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
⁵ Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 5555, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwaser 11991, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Electronics and Micro-Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 1002, Tunisia.

Abstract

This paper includes a numerical investigation of a hybrid fluid containing 4% of Al₂O₃-Cu nanoparticles in a lid-driven container. The upper wall of the container has a high temperature and is movable. The lower wall is cool and wavy. An obstacle is set in the middle of the container for its effect on thermal activity. The medium is permeable to the fluid, and the entire system is immersed in a fixed-effect magnetic field. The digital simulation is achieved using the technique of Galerkin finite element (GFEM) which solves the differential equations. This investigation aims to know the pattern of heat transfer between the lateral walls and the lower wall of the container through the intervention of a set of conditions and criteria, namely: the strength of the magnetic field changes in the range of (Ha = 0 to 100); the chamber porosity varies in the range of (Da = 10^-5 to 10^-2); the strength of buoyancy force is varied according to the Grashof number (Gr = 10² to 10⁴); the cross-section of the baffle includes the following shapes-elliptical, square, triangular and circular; the surface of the lower wall contains waves; and the number changes (N = 2 to 8). Through this research, it was concluded that the triangular shape of the baffle is the best in terms of thermal activity. Also, increasing the number of lower-wall waves reduces thermal activity. For example, the change in the shape of the obstacle from the elliptical to triangular raises the value of Nu number at a rate of 15.54% for Ha = 0, N = 8, and Gr = 10⁴.

Keywords: entropy generation; heat transfer; hybrid nanofluids; mixed convection; steady-state.

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at the King Khalid University for funding this work through Larg Groups (grant number RGP.2/208/43). The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4331317DSR23).