The minimum number of examined lymph nodes for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival of stage T1-2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter cohort with SEER database validation

Abstract

Background: The extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy remains controversial for patients with T1-2 ESCC. The aim of this study was to identify the minimum number of examined lymph node (ELN) for accurate nodal staging and overall survival (OS) of patients with T1-2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Materials and methods: Patients with T1-2 ESCC from three institutes between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The associations of ELN count with nodal migration and OS were evaluated using multivariable models, and visualized by using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS). Chow test was used to determine the structural breakpoints of ELN count. External validation in the SEER database was performed.

Results: In total, 1537 patients were included. Increased ELNs was associated with an increased likelihood of having positive nodal disease and incremental OS. The minimum numbers of ELNs for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival were 14 and 18 with validation in the SEER database (n = 519), respectively. The prognostic prediction ability of N stage was improved in the group with ≥14 ELNs compared with those with fewer ELNs (iAUC, 0.70 (95%CI 0.66-0.74) versus 0.61(95%CI 0.57-0.65)). The higher prognostic value was found for patients with ≥18 ELNs than those with <18 ELNs (iAUC, 0.78 (95%CI 0.74-0.82) versus 0.73 (95%CI 0.7-0.77)).

Conclusion: The minimum numbers of ELNs for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival of stage T1-2 ESCC patients were 14 and 18, respectively.

Keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Examined lymph nodes; Nodal migration; Overall survival; Stage T1-2.