To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®) for the treatment of macular edema (ME) associated with retinal vascular diseases in real-life situations. This retrospective study included patients with ME associated with retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) or diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with dexamethasone implants. Demographic data, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central retinal thickness (CRT) at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were collected and analyzed, and the adverse events were recorded. Forty-four eyes, 42 patients were included in the study. The mean logMAR BCVA improved from 0.79 ± 0.38 at baseline to 0.60 ± 0.34 (P < 0.001), 0.72 ± 0.38 (P = .002), and 0.72 ± 0.37 (P = .002) at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The CRT decreased from 526.70 ± 159.58 µm at baseline to 279 ± 66.23, 422.91 ± 206.99, and 350.23 ± 151.51 µm at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively (P < 0.001, all visits). The average number of injections was 1.43 ± 0.5. Nineteen eyes (43.18%) received second injections at an interval of 4.20 ± 0.61 months. The mean logMAR BCVA was greater in RVO than in DME patients and in treatment-naïve eyes than in previously treated ones. The baseline CRT of the reinjection group was significantly higher than that of the single-injection group for both the RVO (P < 0.001) and DME groups (P = .002). Nine eyes (20.45%) with increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) were well controlled with medication, and cataract progression was observed in five eyes (21.73%) during follow-up. The dexamethasone implant was effective for the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO and DME in terms of visual acuity and CRT improvement over 6 months. The visual acuity was greater in the RVO and treatment-naïve eyes. Reinjection may be associated with a high baseline CRT. The increase in the occurrence of IOP and cataract progression was similar to that reported in previous studies.
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