Introduction: We report a prostate cancer case diagnosed during leuprorelin treatment for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy which is a X-linked recessive, lower motor neuron disease.
Case presentation: A 64-year-old man who had received leuprorelin treatment over 3 years for his spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy presented with an enlarged prostate accompanied by abdominal pain and constipation. An abnormally high serum prostate-specific antigen of 17.7 ng/mL and a low (castration level) serum testosterone level of 0.23 ng/mL were measured. Prostate needle biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Orchiectomy, darolutamide, and radiation therapy for the prostate were initiated, resulting in a favorable response which was maintained at 12 months of treatment.
Conclusion: Prostate cancer can occur even when leuprorelin is used for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; therefore, checking serum prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer before leuprorelin administration should be considered.
Keywords: androgen receptor; leuprorelin acetate; motor neuron disease; prostate cancer; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.
© 2022 The Authors. IJU Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Urological Association.