Indirect Costs of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes Across 12 European Countries

Abstract

Background: National studies report a high variability of indirect costs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, selected aspects of the societal burden of IBDs were compared between 12 European countries.

Methods: A questionnaire-based study among adult patients with IBD was performed. Data on patient characteristics, productivity loss, and informal care were collected. The costs of productivity loss were assessed from the social perspective. The cost of absenteeism and presenteeism was valuated using the gross domestic product per worker. Informal care was measured by time inputs of relatives and friends to assist patients. Productivity loss among informal caregivers outside their paid work was valuated with the average wage. The results were adjusted for confounders and multiplicity.

Results: Responses from 3687 patients (67% employed) were analyzed. Regular activity (outside paid work) impairment did not differ between countries, but a significant difference in informal care and productivity loss was observed. There were no differences in indirect costs between the types of IBD across the countries. The mean annual cost of absenteeism, presenteeism, and informal care varied from €1253 (Bulgaria) to €7915 (Spain), from €2149 (Bulgaria) to €14 524 (Belgium), and from €1729 (Poland) to €12 063 (Italy), respectively. Compared with patients with active disease, those with IBD in remission showed a lower indirect cost by 54% (presenteeism, P < .001) or 75% (absenteeism, informal care, P < .001).

Conclusions: The study showed a high relevance of the indirect cost of IBD in the context of economic evaluation, as well as a between-country variability of work-related impairment or informal care.

Keywords: absenteeism; informal care; presenteeism.