Accurate identification of key VOCs sources contributing to O3 formation along the Liaodong Bay based on emission inventories and ambient observations

Yuqi Shi; Chang Liu; Baosheng Zhang; Maimaiti Simayi; Ziyan Xi; Jie Ren; Shaodong Xie

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156998

Accurate identification of key VOCs sources contributing to O₃ formation along the Liaodong Bay based on emission inventories and ambient observations

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 20:844:156998. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156998. Epub 2022 Jul 2.

Authors

Yuqi Shi¹, Chang Liu², Baosheng Zhang³, Maimaiti Simayi⁴, Ziyan Xi¹, Jie Ren¹, Shaodong Xie⁵

Affiliations

¹ College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
² Liaoning Ecological and Environmental Service Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, PR China.
³ Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, PR China.
⁴ College of Resources and Environments, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, PR China.
⁵ College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China. Electronic address: sdxie@pku.edu.cn.

PMID: 35787908
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156998

Abstract

In order to achieve the precise control of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) species with high ozone (O₃) formation contribution from key sources in Panjin and Yingkou, two coastal industrial cities with severe O₃ pollution along the Liaodong Bay, northeast China, the ambient concentrations of 99 VOCs species were measured online at urban-petrochemical (XLT), suburban-industrial (PP), and rural (XRD) sites in July 2019, contemporary monthly anthropogenic VOCs emission inventories were developed. The source contribution of ambient VOCs resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was comparable with emission inventories, and the location of VOCs sources were speculated by potential source contribution function (PSCF). 17.5 Gg anthropogenic VOCs was emitted in Panjin and Yingkou in July 2019 with potential to form 54.7 Gg-O₃ estimated by emission inventories. The average VOC mixing ratios of 47.1, 26.7, and 16.5 ppbv was observed at XLT, PP, and XRD sites, respectively. Petroleum industry (22 %), organic chemical industry (21 %), and mobile vehicle emission (19 %) were identified to be the main sources contributing to O₃ formation at XLT site by PMF, while it is organic chemical industry (33 %) and solvent utilization (28 %) contributed the most at PP site. Taking the subdivided source contributions of emission inventories and source locations speculated by PSCF into full consideration, organic raw chemicals manufacturing, structural steel coating, petroleum refining process, petroleum products storage and transport, off-shore vessels, and passenger cars were identified as the key anthropogenic sources. High O₃-formation contribution sources, organic chemical industry and solvent utilization were located in the industrial parks at the junction of the two cities and the southeast of Panjin, and petroleum industry distributed in the whole Panjin and offshore areas. These results identify the key VOCs species and sources and speculate the potential geographical location of sources for precisely controlling ground-level O₃ along the Liaodong Bay.

Keywords: Accurate identification; Ambient observation; Emission inventory; Key VOCs species and sources; Ozone formation; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Bays
China
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Ozone* / analysis
Petroleum*
Solvents
Vehicle Emissions / analysis
Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Petroleum
Solvents
Vehicle Emissions
Volatile Organic Compounds
Ozone