Aims: To understand morning biopsychosocial factors that predict glycemia, adherence, and goal attainment in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on a daily basis.
Methods: Eight-eight AYA (mean 17.6 ± 2.6 years, 54% female, HbA1c 7.9 ± 1.4%, diabetes duration 8.5 ± 4.5 years) with T1D who use Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) completed a 2-week prospective study. Participants chose a self-management goal to focus on during participation. For six days, participants prospectively completed a 25-item Engagement Prediction Survey to assess biopsychosocial factors to predict daily diabetes outcomes and an end-of-day Goal Survey. Lasso and mixed-model regression were used to determine items in the Engagement Prediction Survey most predictive of perceived goal attainment, CGM Time-in-Range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dl), sensor mean glucose, number of insulin boluses and hyperglycemia response (bolus within 30 min of high alert or glucose <200 mg/dl within 2 hours).
Results: A 7-item model (including current glucose, planning/wanting to manage diabetes, wanting to skip self-management, feeling good about self, health perception and support needs) explained 16.7% of the daily variance in TIR, 18.6% of mean sensor glucose, 2.1% of the number of boluses, 14% of hyperglycemia response, and 28.7% of goal attainment perceptions. The mean absolute change in day-to-day TIR was 16%, sensor glucose was 30 mg/dl, and the number of boluses was 2. AYA reported more positive Engagement Prediction Survey responses on mornings when they awoke with lower glucose levels.
Conclusions: Morning biopsychosocial state factors predict glycemic and adherence outcomes in AYA with diabetes and could be a novel intervention target for future behavioural interventions.
Keywords: CGM; adolescents; self-management; type 1 diabetes.
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