Riverine ecosystem services to human beings are dynamically evaluated by harmonic relationships; however, over growing human service demands (HSDs) are leading to deteriorate the river health resilience. In this study, an assessment index system of river health involving pressure-state-response (PSR) based on twenty indicators of riparian, channel geomorphic, hydroecological, and social attributes was developed to detect the multifunctional reliability and resilience of river system integrity for HSDs at upper (US), middle (MS), and lower segments (LS) of Kangsabati River using fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchical process (AHP), and entropy weight-based multi-criteria decision matrix (MCDM) methods. Borda integrating MCDM results revealed that overall indicator performance is high health score in US (77), medium score in MS (69), but mostly unhealthy score in LS (34); thus, entropy-MCDM models give highest rank to US, medium rank to MS, and least rank to LS, while AHP and fuzzy MCDM models assigned as high priority rank to MS, medium rank to US, and least rank to LS, respectively. According to model validation performances, entropy-MCDM models (RMSE < 2.48) are rationalized to the harmonic relationship of riverine system, whereas fuzzy and AHP-MCDM models (RMSE < 2.79) are signified to HSDs, and these results are closer to real problems. With the acceptability of AHP-MCDM models through the percentage change (73.89%) and intensity change (17.16) assessment, it points that over HSDs are crucial factors for river health degradation. Moreover, final outcome of the present research helps to find out the sick river health sites for ecological restoration.
Keywords: Harmonic relationship; Human service demands; Multi-criteria decision matrix; Multifunctional reliability; River health resilience.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.