Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal Clinic at a Secondary Care Health Facility in Haryana, India

Sumit Malhotra; Shashi Kant; Rakesh Kumar; Farhad Ahamed; Suprakash Mandal; Arjun M C; Puneet Misra; Yashdeep Gupta

doi:10.7759/cureus.25452

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal Clinic at a Secondary Care Health Facility in Haryana, India

Cureus. 2022 May 29;14(5):e25452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.25452. eCollection 2022 May.

Authors

Sumit Malhotra¹, Shashi Kant², Rakesh Kumar¹, Farhad Ahamed³, Suprakash Mandal¹, Arjun M C⁴, Puneet Misra¹, Yashdeep Gupta⁵

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND.
² Centre for Community Medcine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND.
³ Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND.
⁴ Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND.
⁵ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes has serious health effects during pregnancy and childbirth. We estimated the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women in a secondary care hospital in Haryana.

Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, done in an ante-natal clinic (ANC) at a sub-district hospital (SDH), Faridabad district of Haryana, India. Eligible pregnant women attending the ANC clinic were recruited. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g of glucose was done with a collection of blood for fasting blood sugar (FBS) and two-hour post-OGTT blood glucose. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was administered. Both the modified International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria (IADPSGC) and the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria were used. Data were presented as percentages, means, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval (CI). Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regressions were done. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results: Of the 623 eligible participants, 66.1% were within the 20-25 age group. The GDM was found in 14.1% (95%CI: 11.5-17.1) participants as per modified IADPSG criteria and 6.7% (95%CI: 4.9-9.0) participants as per DIPSI criteria, respectively. Increasing age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05-1.47), p=0.008] and increasing years of schooling [AOR: 1.19 (1.01-1.41), p=0.032] were significantly associated with GDM by DIPSI criteria. Family history of DM was also found to have an increased odds with GDM using modified IADPSG criteria [AOR 2.87 (95% CI: 1.09-7.54), p=0.032]. Conclusion: Considerable proportion of pregnant women were found to have GDM in a Sub-district hospital at Ballabgarh in north India. The study highlighted the need and generated evidence about the feasibility of GDM screening utilizing routine staff in a secondary care facility.

Keywords: ballabgarh; gdm; gestational diabetes; north india; secondary level care hospital.