[Partial research progress of GGCX pathogenic variation associated phenotypes]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2022 Jun 10;39(6):646-650. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20210430-00381.
[Article in Chinese]

Abstract

γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), also known as vitamin K-dependent glutamyl carboxylase, catalyzes the posttranslational modification of specific glutamate residues in vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs), and participates multiple biological functions including blood coagulation, bone metabolism, vascular calcification, and cell proliferation. It has been reported originally that GGCX pathogenic variation causes blood coagulation deficiency, which is called as vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency 1 (VKCFD1). Recently, it has been found that GGCX gene variation results in multiple clinical phenotypes, including dermatological, ophthalmological, skeletal or cardiac abnormalities. Among them, dermatological phenotype is the most common, which is known as pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like syndrome. This paper has reviewed the GGCX pathogenic variation associated phenotypes, in order to increase the recognition of GGCX-related genetic diseases and to help its diagnosis and treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited* / diagnosis
  • Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited* / enzymology
  • Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited* / genetics
  • Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited* / metabolism
  • Carbon-Carbon Ligases* / genetics
  • Carbon-Carbon Ligases* / metabolism
  • Carboxy-Lyases / genetics
  • Carboxy-Lyases / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Phenotype
  • Vitamin K / metabolism
  • Vitamin K 1

Substances

  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin K 1
  • Carboxy-Lyases
  • GGCX protein, human
  • Carbon-Carbon Ligases

Supplementary concepts

  • Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors, Combined Deficiency Of, 1