Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes a new tumor microvascular paradigm of non-endothelial cells, where aggressive cancer cells independent of angiogenesis acquire the ability to fluid-conducting vessels. VM shows worse 5-year overall survival in cancer that suggesting that VM could be a promising surgical and effective adjuvant therapy strategy in prognostics of metastatic cancer patients. The current chapter is a comprehensive review on "Main Staining Methods and Protocols in Vasculogenic Mimicry." Here, we provide most up-to-date and detailed information upon microscopy and histology protocols for the identification and understanding of VM process in both in vitro and in vivo.
Keywords: Diagnosis; Endothelial markers; Immunohistochemistry; Malignancy; Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens; Periodic acid; Schiff; Vasculogenic mimicry.
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