This paper summarizes the position of the Italian Society of Vulvology on the clinical approach to vulval disease. A thorough history (general medical, gynaecological, and vulval history) is essential for a successful and fruitful vulvological examination. Characteristics of pruritus (itch) and pain, that are the two main vulval symptoms, should be collected and reported with precision, according to duration, temporal course, location, provocation, and intensity. Physical examination must consider both the general condition of the patient and the specific vulval region, that must be examined following a standardized methodology. The physical examination of the vulva is carried out with naked eye and adequate natural or halogen lighting. The subsequent use of instrumental magnification can be considered on particular parts of skin/mucosa, already highlighted with the first inspection. Also, palpation is essential, allowing to appreciate physical features of vulval lesions: consistency, surface, soreness, adherence to underlying plans. Finally, the five-step approach of the International Society for the Study of Vulvo-vaginal Disease about Terminology and Classification of Vulvar Dermatological Disorders (2012) is summarized. A vulval biopsy may be useful in the following situations: when clinical diagnosis is uncertain, lesion not responding to treatment; histologic confirmation for a clinical diagnosis and exclusion or confirmation of a suspected neoplastic intraepithelial or invasive pathology.