Dashboards are being increasingly used in the health field, and literature points out that accurate and efficient dashboards require not only dealing with data issues, but also ensuring that dashboards are user-friendly and that incorporate users' views and needs. The integration of evidence and data into decision aiding tools, such as dashboards, to assess and monitor environmental health (EH) in urban settings requires careful design. Departing from EH evidence and making use of the views of EH stakeholders and experts, this study aimed at defining requirements for a dashboard to help decision-makers analyzing and visualizing EH information in the Lisbon urban context. In order to set those requirements, it was combined a user-centered with a design card approach to engage EH potential end-users so as to collect their visualization preferences and gather information related to dashboard requirements. Specifically, three online group semi-structured interviews, involving 11 potential end-users from different organizations, were conducted; design cards with a set of visualization options regarding 17 indicators of built and natural environment determinants were used in the interviews to capture participants' preferences and their rationale; questions about other dashboard features were also asked; and the results from the interviews were synthesized into four separate, but interrelated features, and operationalized into 11 requirements for a dashboard to monitor EH in Lisbon. This study contributes to EH literature by producing knowledge to inform dashboard construction, by highlighting issues related with the usability, analysis, and visualization of data to inform EH decision-making in urban contexts, and by designing an approach that can be replicated to other EH dashboard contexts.
Keywords: dashboard requirements; decision making; design-cards; urban environmental health; user-centered approach.
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