PM10 prediction for brake wear of passenger car during different test driving cycles

Ye Liu; Haibo Chen; Chuhan Yin; Matteo Federici; Guido Perricone; Ying Li; Dimitris Margaritis; Yang Shen; Junhua Guo; Tangjian Wei

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135481

PM₁₀ prediction for brake wear of passenger car during different test driving cycles

Chemosphere. 2022 Oct:305:135481. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135481. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Authors

Ye Liu¹, Haibo Chen², Chuhan Yin³, Matteo Federici⁴, Guido Perricone⁴, Ying Li⁵, Dimitris Margaritis⁶, Yang Shen⁷, Junhua Guo⁸, Tangjian Wei⁹

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Electronic address: Y.Liu8@leeds.ac.uk.
² Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Electronic address: H.Chen@its.leeds.ac.uk.
³ Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
⁴ Brembo S.p.A., Via Europa 2, 24020, Stezzano (BG), Italy.
⁵ Dynnoteq, 61 Bridge Street, Kington, HR5 3DJ, UK.
⁶ Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Hellenic Institute of Transport (HIT), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷ Zhejiang Xinchai CO., LTD, Shaoxin, 312500, China.
⁸ School of Transportation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
⁹ Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Transportation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Jiangxi, 330013, China.

PMID: 35753424
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135481

Abstract

PM₁₀ emissions generated from the brake wear of passenger car per braking event during three test driving cycles (WLTP, LACT, and WLTP-Brake) were studied using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach in combination with the relationship among the mass emitted rate of airborne particles versus local contact pressure and sliding speed. In addition, PM₁₀ emissions were measured per braking event during the WLTP-Brake cycle on a brake dynamometer using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI+) to validate the proposed FEA approach. The simulated and experimental results for WLTP-Brake illustrated that the proposed simulation approach has the potential to predict PM₁₀ from brake wear per braking event, with an R² value of 0.93. The FEA results of three test driving cycles showed that there was a gradient rise in pad wear on both sides from the inner to outer radii. The simulated PM₁₀ emission factors during the WLTP, LACT, and WLTP-Brake were 7.9 mg km^-1 veh^-1, 9.8 mg km^-1 veh^-1, and 6.4 mg km^-1 veh^-1, respectively. Among three test driving cycles, the ratio of PM₁₀ to total brake wear mass per braking event was the largest for the LACT, followed by WLTP and WLTP-Brake. From a practical application perspective, reducing the frequency of high-speed braking may be an effective way to decrease the generation of PM₁₀ emissions.

Keywords: Air quality; Brake wear; FEA; Non-exhaust emissions; PM(10) emissions.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Automobiles
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Particle Size
Particulate Matter / analysis
Vehicle Emissions* / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter
Vehicle Emissions