Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiac-metabolic risk factors in elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Mostafa Qorbani; Maryam Zarei; Yousef Moradi; Geeta Appannah; Shirin Djalainia; Kumars Pourrostami; Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed; Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi; Ebrahim Khalil Naderali; Maryam Khazdouz

doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00859-0

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiac-metabolic risk factors in elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022 Jun 25;14(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00859-0.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
² Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Department of Nutrition Community, Deputy of Health affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
⁶ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁷ Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
¹⁰ Department of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, UK.
¹¹ Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam.khazdouz@hotmail.com.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: There has been a longstanding interest in the potential effect of vitamin D in preventing cardiac-metabolic diseases. However, there are divergent results regarding the impact of vitamin D supplementation (VDS) on managing cardiac-metabolic outcomes in the elderly population.

Material and method: We systematically searched electronic databases; Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ProQuest. We included all trials that evaluated the effect of VDS on cardiac-metabolic risk factors in the elderly population, which were published until 30 September 2021. The effects of VDS on cardiac-metabolic outcomes were assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD). A random-effect model was used to pool the SMD and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Result: The literature search identified 4409 studies, of which 12 trials met inclusion criteria. Results of random effect meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: - 0.14 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 0.25, - 0.02) and triglyceride (TG) (SMD: - 0.45 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 0.86, - 0.04) with VDS compared to the placebo. The subgroup analyses revealed that the reduction of TG in patients with diabetes and vitamin D deficiency was significant. Furthermore, short-term intervention (≤ 6 months) induced a significantly lower level of TG and insulin in comparison to longer duration (> 6 months).

Conclusion: The study suggests that VDS could improve insulin concentration and dyslipidemia in the elderly population. The systematic review was registered in Alborz university of medical sciences with 2060-01-03-1397 number and the Ethics council IR.ABZUMS.REC.1397.207 number.

Keywords: Cardiac-metabolic; Elderly; Supplementation; Vitamin D.

Publication types

Review