Amorphous carbon materials have been confirmed as attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, an effective strategy to fabricate amorphous carbon materials at low temperature under air atmosphere is proposed. As demonstrated, one-dimensional nitrogen-doping carbon nanofibers were obtained through simple electrospinning technology, following low-temperature heat treatment. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doping concentration can be regulated by the heating temperature, which can further introduce different levels of adsorption sites on the surface of carbon and enhance the electronic conductivity. Based on experimental investigation, carbon nanofibers with a high nitrogen doping concentration of 18.1 at% achieved an outstanding cycling durability (194.0 mA h g-1 at 2.0 A g-1 after 2000 cycles).