ABCD before E-verything else-Intensive care nurses' knowledge and experience of pressure injury and moisture-associated skin damage

Abstract

Patients in intensive care units are at high risk of developing pressure injuries and moisture-associated skin damages. Prevention and care rely much on intensive care nurses' competency and attitudes. This study explored intensive care nurses' experience, knowledge and bedside practice in prevention and care of pressure injuries and moisture-associated skin damages with a descriptive qualitative design. Six focus groups (n = 25) were carried out in three University hospitals, two in Norway and one inIceland. Interviews were guided by a questioning route, recorded and transcribed verbatim before an inductive content analysis. Three interconnected main categories related to nurses' experience, knowledge and bedside care were identified: (a) nursing; (b) context; and (c) patients. Intensive care nurses recognise patients' risk of developing pressure injuries, as well as their continuous need of personal hygiene because of leakage of body fluids. Nurses were therefore attentive to skin inspection and preventive care but felt insecure and in need of expert help in pressure injury wound care. It varied whether nurses had access to suitable beds and mattresses and experts in wound care. ABCD had to be before E-verything else, but the skin had higher priority in long-stay compared with short-stay patients.

Keywords: critical care nursing; focus groups; knowledge; moisture-associated skin damage; pressure injury/ulcer.