Improvement of the Interface between the Lithium Anode and a Garnet-Type Solid Electrolyte of Lithium Batteries Using an Aluminum-Nitride Layer

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jun 12;12(12):2023. doi: 10.3390/nano12122023.

Abstract

The next generation of all-solid-state batteries can feature battery safety that is unparalleled among conventional liquid batteries. The garnet-type solid-state electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), in particular, is widely studied because of its high Li-ion conductivity and stability in air. However, the poor interface-contact between Li and the electrolyte (garnet) severely limits the development of solid electrolytes. In this study, we synthesize cubic phase Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) using a secondary sintering method. In addition, a thin aluminum nitride (AlN) layer is introduced between the metal (Li) and the solid electrolyte. Theoretical calculations show that AlN has a high affinity for Li. Furthermore, it is shown that the AlN coating can effectively reduce the interface impedance between Li and the solid electrolyte and improve the lithium-ion transport. The assembled symmetric Li cells can operate stably for more than 3600 h, unlike the symmetric cells without AlN coating, which short-circuited after only a few cycles. The hybrid solid-state battery with a modified layer, which is assembled using LiFePO4 (LFP), still has a capacity of 120 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 98%. This shows that the introduction of an AlN interlayer is very helpful to obtain a stable Li/solid-electrolyte interface, which improves the cycling stability of the battery.

Keywords: LLZTO; anode interface; lithium-ion battery; lithium/electrolyte interface; solid-state electrolytes.

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51574160, 21776175), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0102004), Shandong Province National Natural Science Foundation (ZR2014EEM049), Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2017CSGC0502, 2017GGX40102), Leading Talents Project: Science and Technology Talents and Platform Plan-training of Science and Technology Talent (2017HA012), and State Key Laboratory of Pressure Hydrometallurgical Technology of Associated Nonferrous Metal Resources (yy20160010).