Longitudinal relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in response to positive memory processing

Stephanie V Caldas; Alana Fondren; Prathiba Natesan Batley; Ateka A Contractor

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101752

Longitudinal relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in response to positive memory processing

J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022 Sep:76:101752. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101752. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Authors

Stephanie V Caldas¹, Alana Fondren², Prathiba Natesan Batley³, Ateka A Contractor⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Louisville, USA. Electronic address: svcaldas@gmail.com.
² Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Louisville, USA. Electronic address: alanaHarrison@my.unt.edu.
³ Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Louisville, USA. Electronic address: pnbatley@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Louisville, USA. Electronic address: ateka.contractor@unt.edu.

PMID: 35738684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101752

Abstract

Background and objectives: Avoidance, inherent to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, is theoretically and empirically linked to the maintenance of PTSD symptom severity. While research indicates traumatized individuals avoid positive and trauma memories, several PTSD treatments focus exclusively on traumatic memories. We examined the mediating role of PTSD's avoidance in the relationship between processing positive memories and PTSD cluster severity (intrusion, mood/cognitions, arousal).

Methods: Sixty-five trauma-exposed college students (M_age = 22.52; 86.10% female) were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: narrating/processing, writing/processing, or control (same task across baseline [T0] and follow-up [T1]).

Results: Half-longitudinal mediation models indicated participation in the narrating vs. writing and control conditions predicted decreases in T1 intrusion severity via reduction in T1 avoidance severity. Similarly, participation in the narrating vs. writing and control conditions predicted decreases in T1 mood/cognitions' severity via reduction in T1 avoidance severity. Participation in the narrating vs. writing condition predicted decreases in T1 arousal severity via reduction in T1 avoidance severity.

Limitations: Data was obtained from an analogue small-size sample of university students. In addition, sessions were only 6-8 days apart, with the processing component of each session lasting ∼30 min.

Conclusions: Processing positive memories may relate to lower PTSD severity via a reduction in PTSD's avoidance, paralleling effects of processing trauma memories. Our findings support future investigations of the mechanisms underlying impacts of positive memory processing in the context of PTSD treatments.

Keywords: Avoidance; Half-longitudinal mediation; Positive autobiographical memories; Posttraumatic stress disorder.

MeSH terms

Adult
Affect
Arousal
Female
Humans
Male
Memory / physiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / therapy
Syndrome
Young Adult