Objective: To reflect the potential epidemiological characteristics of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in Shanghai, China, which has been rarely reported before.
Methods: This work is a descriptive epidemiology study. A total of 302 cases of AT rupture admitted to our department between 01/2013 and 02/2020 are analyzed according to telephone follow-up and medical records. Male to female ratio is 10.3 and the average age is 37.5 years. The record of each case includes age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), quinolone use, corticoid exposure and related medical history/comorbidities. If the case is sports-related (SR), details including kind of sports, intensity of exercise, exercise time before rupture, specific action that causes rupture and situation of warm-up are collected. Two independent sample t-tests and Pearson chi-square tests are used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 252 ruptures are SR. Male to female ratio is 15.6 in SR cases. Most SR ruptures occur in patients aged 25-39 years. Ball games are major sports responsible for rupture: basketball in 95 (37.7%), badminton in 68 (27.0%) and soccer in 62 (24.6%). Acceleration and running start is the specific action that cause most (37.7%) ruptures. AT cases are observed in 91 patients with warm-up and 161 without preparation before exercise. As a result, more ruptures happened within 10 min' sports in 161 unprepared (22.4%) than in 91 prepared (5.5%) cases. In SR cases, 107 and 145 cases are observed on weekends and weekdays. Of the 302 total cases, 64 are associated with Achilles tendinopathy. Frequently reported factors such as quinolone use and corticoid exposure are found only in two and 11 of all cases, respectively.
Conclusion: Middle-aged males are common victims of AT rupture in Shanghai. Sports including basketball, badminton, soccer and actions involving in sudden and severe contraction of AT cause most ruptures. Warm-up before exercise reduces rupture in short time. Factors such as quinolone, corticoid and Achilles tendonitis still need attention.
Keywords: Achilles tendon rupture; Epidemiology; Shanghai; Sports; Warm-up.
© 2022 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.