[Socioeconomic inequalities in the food consumption of the elderly Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2019]

Cien Saude Colet. 2022 Jul;27(7):2621-2628. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.23362021. Epub 2022 Feb 19.
[Article in Portuguese]

Abstract

Food consumption, when performed in an unhealthy manner, has consequences for the health of individuals, such as a higher incidence of excess weight and the exacerbation of pre-existing chronic diseases. The scope of this article was to assess summary inequalities in food consumption among the elderly population in Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The following outcomes were evaluated: consumption of beans, greens/vegetables, fruit, milk, meat, soda, candies and salt. The main exposure variable was education. An adjusted analysis was conducted and two indices were also used to measure inequality: the slope index (SII) and the concentration index (CIX). A total of 43,554 elderly people were investigated. It was identified that the more educated were 80% more likely to consume vegetables, fruit and milk, while the consumption of beans and meat was up to 50% lower among the less educated. The analyses of relative and absolute inequality reinforce the lower consumption of foods considered healthy among the less educated elderly individuals. The results reveal inequalities in food consumption among the elderly, with greater magnitude in food recognized as being healthy.

O consumo alimentar, quando realizado de forma não saudável, traz consequências para a saúde dos indivíduos, como uma maior ocorrência de excesso de peso e o agravamento de doenças crônicas prévias. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar as desigualdades sumárias no consumo alimentar da população idosa no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Foram avaliados os seguintes desfechos: consumo de feijão, verduras/legumes, frutas, leite, carnes, refrigerante, doces e sal. A principal variável de exposição foi escolaridade. Para mensuração da desigualdade foi realizada análise ajustada e também foram utilizados dois índices: slope index (SII) e o concentration index (CIX). Foram investigados 43.554 idosos. Identificou-se que os mais escolarizados tinham até 80,0% mais probabilidade de consumir verduras, frutas e leite, enquanto o consumo de feijão e de carnes foi até 50,0% menor nos mais escolarizados. As análises de desigualdade relativa e absoluta reforçam o menor consumo de alimentos considerados saudáveis entre os idosos menos escolarizados. Os resultados revelam iniquidades no consumo alimentar entre idosos, com maior magnitude nos alimentos reconhecidamente saudáveis.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Brazil
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet*
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Vegetables*