The effect of increase in blood glucose level on hearing loss

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have shown that hearing function is also vulnerable to the effects of diabetes mellitus which can be shown by brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. This study aimed to investigate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission in hyperglycemia and whether there is a relationship between reactive oxygen substances production and hearing deterioration in the rat model.

Methods: 25 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were divided into three groups: control, high blood glucose, and diabetes mellitus. Brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission were recorded, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were measured in the brainstem tissue.

Results: At 8 kHz, the latencies of I, II, III, IV, and V brainstem auditory evoked potential waves in high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups were elongated, at 16 kHz, only these wave latencies of the diabetes mellitus group were prolonged compared with the control group. A significant decrease was also found in distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes at 4, 6, 8, and 10 kHz in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values due to the increase in blood glucose levels in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group.

Conclusion: These results suggested that high blood glucose levels may cause hearing impairment not only in the diabetic state but also in the period of hyperglycemia before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus and reactive oxygen substances may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. We suggest that regulating high glucose levels even before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus may prevent hazardous effects on hearing function.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Keywords: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials; Diabetes mellitus; Distortion product otoacoustic emission.