Feasibility of a drop-in γ-probe for radioguided sentinel lymph detection in early-stage cervical cancer

Ilse G T Baeten; Jacob P Hoogendam; Arthur J A T Braat; Ronald P Zweemer; Cornelis G Gerestein

doi:10.1186/s13550-022-00907-w

Feasibility of a drop-in γ-probe for radioguided sentinel lymph detection in early-stage cervical cancer

EJNMMI Res. 2022 Jun 20;12(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13550-022-00907-w.

Authors

Ilse G T Baeten¹, Jacob P Hoogendam², Arthur J A T Braat³, Ronald P Zweemer², Cornelis G Gerestein²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Imaging and Oncology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. i.g.t.baeten@umcutrecht.nl.
² Division of Imaging and Oncology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
³ Division of Imaging and Oncology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Abstract

Background: Minimally invasive radioguided sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedures, increasingly performed with robot-assisted laparoscopy, can benefit from using a drop-in γ-probe instead of the conventional rigid laparoscopic γ-probe. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of a tethered drop-in γ-probe system for SLN detection in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods: Ten patients with FIGO stage IA - IB2 or IIA1 cervical cancer scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic SLN procedure were included. All patients underwent preoperative 240 MBq technetium-99m nanocolloid (^99mTc) injection and SPECT/CT imaging. Intraoperatively the tethered drop-in γ-probe SENSEI® (Lightpoint Medical Ltd, Chesham, UK) was used for probe guided SLN detection, subsequently confirmed by the standard rigid laparoscopic γ-probe. Sentinel lymph node detection rates and anatomical SLN location were assessed. Surgeon questionnaires were used to assess usability.

Results: In all patients at least one SLN was successfully resected under guidance of the drop-in γ-probe (overall detection rate: 100%). Bilateral SLN detection rate with the drop-in γ-probe was 80%. Of the two patients with unilateral SLN detection only, one presented with an atypical SLN location at the aortic bifurcation that was detected only on SPECT/CT. The other patient had failed unilateral ^99mTc uptake. Combined use of preoperative SPECT/CT and drop-in γ-probe resulted in a bilateral detection rate of 90%. Similar to the drop-in γ-probe, overall and bilateral SLN detection rate of the rigid γ-probe was 100% and 80%, respectively. No significant discrepancy existed between the count rate of the drop-in and rigid laparoscopic γ-probe (p = 0.69). In total 21 SLN's were detected with the drop-in γ-probes including all three tumor positive nodes. Because of wristed articulation of the robotic tissue grasper and possibility of autonomous probe control by the surgeon, maneuverability and control with the drop-in γ-probe were highly rated in surgeon questionnaires. No adverse events related to the intervention occurred.

Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node detection with a drop-in γ-probe is safe and feasible in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Use of the drop-in γ-probe enhances maneuverability and surgical autonomy during robot-assisted SLN detection. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Registry, NL9358. Registered 23 March 2021, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9358 .

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Gamma probe; Radioguided surgery; Robot-assisted surgery; Sentinel lymph node.