In someone else's shoes, are all wearers the same? Empathy in multi-ethnic Asian medical students

Abstract

Objectives: Considerable research interest has been observed in ascertaining the actual pattern of empathy skill acquisition, but this aspect remains largely unexplored in Asian medical students. This study explored the empathy trait in Asian medical students from different levels of seniority and investigated the association between students' empathy traits and their socio-demographic and socio-economic backgrounds.

Methods: To explore the empathy trait, the Year 1 to Year 5 medical students completed the students' socio-demographic/economic and validated Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaires.

Results: The participants scored highest in the empathetic concerns (EC) and lowest in the personal distress (PD) subscale. Female participants scored significantly higher on the EC, PD, and fantasy subscales. Participants who went to government high schools scored higher on the PD and EC subscales. Participants who stated a preference for specialisation that required more communication with patients scored higher on the EC and Perspective Taking subscales.

Conclusions: The empathy traits of Asian medical students may have cultural influences that are determined by their geographical background. Consistent observations regarding the inclination toward cognitive empathy traits in females were observed. This study also found that empathy traits are predictive of choices for postgraduate speciality training and that there is a difference in medical students' empathy traits during the different phases of study in medical school.

Keywords: Asian medical students; Cognitive empathy; Empathy; Empathy trait; Interpersonal reactivity index.